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Summary of a Joint Workshop. Institute of Medicine; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
NAS Press | 2011 | ISBN: 0309162971 9780309162975 | pages | PDF | 1 MB
This issue presents information from experts on the nature of this threat and how it can be addressed by exploring various treatment and diagnostic options.
An estimated 2 billion people, one third of the global population, are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Spread through the air, this infectious disease killed 1.7 million in 2009, and is the leading killer of people with HIV. Tuberculosis (TB) is also a disease of povertythe vast majority of tuberculosis deaths occur in the developing world.
Exacerbating the devastation caused by TB is the growing threat of drug-resistant forms of the disease in many parts of the world.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis presents a number of significant challenges in terms of controlling its spread, diagnosing patients quickly and accurately, and using drugs to treat patients effectively. In Russia in recent decades, the rise of these strains of TB, resistant to standard antibiotic treatment, has been exacerbated by the occurrence of social, political, and economic upheavals.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, in conjunction with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences held a workshop to discuss ways to fight the growing threat of drug-resistant TB.
Contents
ACRONYMS
1 INTRODUCTION
The Problem of Drug Resistance
The Burden of Drug-Resistant TB
Workshop Objectives
A Realistic Assessment of the Challenges of Drug-Resistant TB
Organization of the Report
2 A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
Difficulties in Estimating the Burden of MDR TB
MDR and XDR TB in South Africa
MDR and XDR TB in China
Historical Perspective on MDR TB Control Efforts
Remaining Challenges
3 DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
A Historical Perspective, 30
Epidemiology of TB in the Russian Federation
National MDR TB Surveillance System
4 TRANSMISSION AND INFECTION CONTROL OF DRUG-RESISTANT TB
Transmission of Drug-Resistant TB in China
Transmission-Based Genetic Analysis in South Africa
Reducing Nosocomial Drug-Resistant TB Transmission
5 DIAGNOSIS OF DRUG-RESISTANT TB
Rapid Diagnostic Methods
Biochip Technology for TB Diagnosis
Need for Improved Laboratory Capacity
6 TREATMENT OF DRUG-RESISTANT TB
PETTS: Making the Case for Drug Resistance Testing and Tailored Treatment Regimens
Treatment of Drug-Resistant TB in the Russian Federation
Drug-Resistant TB and Coinfection with HIV
Innovative Research in MDR TB Treatment
7 TB AND DRUG-RESISTANT TB IN VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
Drug-Resistant TB in Children: The Hidden Epidemic
MDR TB Treatment for People with Drug and Alcohol Dependencies
TB in the Prison System of the Russian Federation
8 THE SECOND-LINE DRUG SUPPLY CHAIN
A New Paradigm for the Drug Supply for Drug-Resistant TB,
MDR TB Treatment and the Drug Supply Chain in the Russian Federation
9 THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TB DIAGNOSTICS AND DRUGS
The Global Challenge
The Role of Regulatory Science
The Need for Collaboration
10 CONVERGENCE OF SCIENCE AND POLICY TO CREATE A CALL FOR ACTION
Key Challenges
Infection Control
Diagnostics
Treatment
High-Quality Care for All
Linkages from Science to Clinical Care
REFERENCES
A AGENDA
B SUMMARY OF A MEETING OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, HELD MAY 2425, 2010, MOSCOW, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
C PARTICIPANT BIOGRAPHIES
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